bog n.沼泽;泥塘
boggle v.n.惊跳;畏缩不前 [prob BOGY
似沼泽的;多沼泽的 BOG] [湿地,沼泽 陷于泥淖;变得动弹不得]
bogus a.假的;伪造的 [19th-c. US word]
boisterous a.喧闹的 [var of ME boistous]
bolster v.支持;援助;垫木 [20th c.: orig. uncert.]
bolt n.闩门;螺钉脱党 [ME bombardment n.炮击 [bombard 炮轰;轰炸 The artillery ~ed the enemy all day
炮兵终日炮轰敌人;质问 med.L bombarda a] [stone-throwing engine: BOMB]
bombastic a.夸大的 [earlier bombace cotton wool alt bonanza n.富矿带;幸运物;幸运 [orig US bondage n.奴役;囚禁 [ME bonfire n.(庆祝或信号)大沟火;火 [earlier bonefire material formerly used) + FIRE]
bonnet n.妇女帽;共谋者 [ME of material(medL bonetus)]
bonny a.美丽的;健康的 [16th c: perh bonus n.奖金;分红;退还款项 [L bonus, bonum good (thing)]
boom v.n.响声;忽然兴隆;宣传 [Du., = BEAM n.]
booming a.景气的;受欢迎的;隆隆响 [~ toy sales 日趋兴隆的玩具销售]
boon n.恩惠;愉快的;温和的 [ME (orig. = jolly, congenial) boor n.农民;乡下人;粗野的人 [LG bur or Du boer farmer: cf BOWER =Boer boorish粗野的]
boost v.推动 [booster 援助者;升压机;推进器]
booth n.摊棚;电话亭 [ME bootless a.无用的 [OE botleas(BOOT, LESS)BOOT( 长靴,长统鞋,半长 靴],[高腰鞋 5(the ~)(俚)解雇,革职,开革]
booze v.酒宴;饮酒 [earlier bouse, bowse, bore v.n.钻孔;使厌;无聊的人 [ME, perh boreal a.北的;北风的 [ME the north wind]
boredom n.无聊;令人厌烦的事物
bosom n.胸;怀中;爱情;拥抱 [OE bosm botany n.植物学(书) [botanic plant botanical植物的;植物学的]
botch v.拙笨地修补;糟蹋 [botcher 扭劣的工匠;笨手笨脚的人]
bouillon n.肉汤;牛肉汤 [F boulder n.圆石头;玉石 [short for boulderstone, ME boulevard n.林荫大道
boundary n.界限,范围 [dial. bounder bounteous a.慷慨的;宽大的 [ME plentiful]
bountiful a.大方的 [ME plenteous BOUNTY+] [FUL bounteous慷慨的,宽大的]
bounty n.慷慨,宽大;赠与 [f. L bonitas -tatis bouquet n.花束;香味;(酒等)芳香 [F bourgeois n.中产阶级的人 [F: BURGESS 市民;议员]
bourn n.小河;目标;界限 [F borne bout n.一阵;一回;一次 [16th c: app the same as obs bought bending]
bovine a.似牛的;笨拙的 [LL bovinus bowdlerize v.删去不妥的文句 [T Bowdler(d 1825), expurgator of Shakesp]
bower n.树荫;寝室;提琴演奏者 [G Bauer peasant, jack at cards, rel to Du boer:
BOOR农民;乡下;佬]
boycott v.联合抵制 [Capt C C Boycott, Irish land-agent d 1897, so treated from
1880]
brace v.支持;使固定 [ME bracing紧张的;使心神清爽的;支柱]
bracelet n.手镯;手拷 [ME brackish a.混有盐的;作呕的 [obs brack(adj) brag n.自夸,吹牛,自夸的东西 [ME, orig. adj., = spirited, boastful: orig. unkn.]
braggart n.吹牛;吹牛的 [F bragard brake n.煞车器;丛林;煞车 [ME, perh shortened ending]
bramble n.荆棘 [OE br'mbel(earlier br'mel): BROOM 扫帚(植物)金雀花]
brand n.品种;商标;烙印 [OE brandish v.挥 [OF brandir ult "火焰")(打在商品上或牲畜身上的)烙印;商标]
brash a.性急的;仓促的;无礼的 [brashy 易碎的;脆弱的 ~ material 易碎的材质]
brat n.小鬼;小家伙 [a spoiled ~ 调皮捣蛋的小鬼;小坏蛋]
bravado n.作威;虚张的勇气 [Sp bravata bravo int.n.好极!暴徒;刺客 [It.: BRAVE]
bravura n.勇敢尝试;华美演奏 [(<与 bravery 对应的意大利语)]
braw a.衣饰华美的;美好的 [var. of brawf BRAVE]
brawl v.争吵 [ME brawny a.肌肉结实的;强壮的 [brawn 肌肉;肌力,膂力,体力;人力,劳力]
braze v.用黄铜制;做黄铜色 [OE br'sen
brazen a.无耻的 [OE br'sen
brazier n.火盆 [ME prob breach n.破裂;违反法纪 [ME breeze n.微风
brevity n.简洁 [AF brevete, OF brievete brew v.酿造;图谋 [OE breowan bribe n.贿赂;收买 [ME bridle n.v.缰绳;拘束;抑制;昂首 [OE bridel unbridled激烈的;不受约束的]
brigade n.旅;队;编成旅;分类 [F strife; a fire ~ 消防队]
brigand n.强盗 [ME brilliant a.灿烂的;显赫的;有才气的 [F brillant part of briller shine brim n.(杯、碗的)边 [ME brimme brimful盈满的]
brindled a.有斑纹的 [earlier brinded, brended brink n.边缘(峭壁等的);水际
brisk a.活泼的 [prob F brusque BRUSQUE<态度、言词,人>莽撞的,粗率的,无礼的,唐突的 =BRUSK]
bristle v.竖立毛发;发怒 [ME bristel, brestel brittle a.脆的 [brittle star 阳遂足 (属棘皮动物,类似海盘车;亦称serpent star)]
broach v.钻孔使流出;初次提出 [ME projecting]
brocade n.织锦 [Sp & Port brocado brochure n.小册子 [F, lit 'stitching', broil v.烧;曝晒;争吵 [obs broil to muddle: cf EMBROIL 使事态混乱]
broker n.经纪人;股票经纪人 [a ~ house 证券公司 ( bromide n.嗅化物;平凡人;陈腔滥调
bronchitis n.支气管炎
bronze n.a.青铜;青铜制品;青铜色 [F brooch n.胸针或领针 [ME broche = BROACH(]
brood n.v.窝;孵;沉思 [OE brod brook n.容忍;小河 [OE brucan browbeat v.恫吓;威吓 [(brow + beat) ~ a person into working 威吓某人工作 ~ a person
out of going alone 吓阻某人单独去]
browse n.嫩叶;放牧;浏览书本 [(n) prob bruise v.打伤 [ME break]
bruit v.传布;散布(谣言等) [F, = noise brunch n.早午餐 [BR(EAKFAST) + (L)UNCH]
brusque a.唐突的;粗率的 [F brutal a.野蛮的 [F brutal or medL brutalis brute畜生;残暴的人;粗暴的]
brute n.畜生;残暴的人 [F bubble n.泡沫
buckle n.v.扣子;弯曲;扣住 [ME cheek: v]
bucolic a.乡村的;牧人的 [L bucolicus bud n.芽;花蕾,未发育的东西
buddy n.同伴;伙伴;弟兄 [perh. corrupt. of brother, or var. of BUTTY]
budget n.预算;预算案;营运费 [ME = pouch, bulga (f. Gaulish) knapsack: cf. BULGE]
buffalo n.水牛;美国野牛 [prob. antelope, wild ox =bison]
buffer n.缓冲器;减弱冲突的人 [18th c.: prob. formed as BUFFER or with the sense
'stutterer']
buffet n.v.冷餐;殴打;冲击;搏斗
buffoon n.丑角;滑稽剧演员 [F bouffon buffoonery n.滑稽 [F bouffon 丑角,滑稽剧演员]
bug n.昆虫;故障;装置防犯铃 [buggy 多虫的;马车 (虫)amoeba 阿米巴,变形虫 aphis 芽虫,獐螂 beetle
甲虫;木槌;杵;v.凸出 bot ] [蝇的幼虫;马的肤病之一种 cantharides 斑螫;斑螫干燥制剂]
bugaboo n.鬼怪 [prob of dial orig: cf Welsh bwcibo the Devil, bwci hobgoblin
调皮的小鬼 (小妖精) 鬼怪]
bugle n.喇叭
bulb n.球茎;灯泡 [L bulbus bulge n.桶腰凸出部份;膨胀 [ME bulk n.大小;容积;船舱 [sense 'cargo' BUCK)]
bullion n.金块;银块 [AF = mint, var of OF bouillon ult bullshit n.胡说 [BULL + SHIT]
bully n.恶霸;流氓;罐头牛肉 [F bouilli boiled beef 暴徒,保镳;政治流氓]
bullyrag v.恐吓,欺凌
bulwark n.堡垒;防御 [ME bum n.游荡者;懒鬼
[prob abbr or back-form bumpkin 乡下人,乡巴佬,土包子;粗鲁的人
bumble v.说话含糊 [BOOM+-LE: partly bumblebee n.大黄蜂
bummer n.无赖;游民;游荡者 [19th c.: perh. bumper n.缓冲挡;满杯;丰收;客满
bumpkin n.土包子;乡下人 [perh Du boomken little tree or MDu bommekijn little
barrel]
bumptious a.傲慢的;唐突的 [BUMP 冲突;扑通;隆起部分, after FRACTIOUS 易怒的;乖僻的;难驾驭的]
bumpy a.坑洼不平的;崎岖的 [a ~ road 崎岖不平的路 have a ~ ride 乘车颠簸而行]
bun n.面包;卷发;兔;栗鼠
bungle v.n.拙劣地工作;失败 [imit.: c buoy n.浮标;救生圈; 支持;浮上 [ME prob ox-hides buoyancy 浮力;乐观的气质;(行情)上涨] [buoyant易浮的;快乐的]
buoyant a.能浮的,有浮力;轻快的 [F buoyant or Sp. boyante part. of boyar float< boya
BUOY]
bureaucracy n.官僚政治 [F bureaucratie: BUREAU(美)(政府机关的)局((英)department)]
burgeon v.突然成长;萌芽 [ME burglar n.夜贼;夜盗 [legal AF burgler, rel. to OF burgier pillage. ~ alarm
防盗警报器]
burial n.埋葬;葬礼
[ME, erron. formed as sing. of OE byrgels 埋葬地,墓地. ~ service 葬礼 [式]
burlesque v.用文字、图画模仿以讽喻 [F burly a.结实的;粗壮的;率直的 [ME borli prob bower'(BOWER)]
burnish v.光辉;光泽 [ME burrow n.v.洞穴;潜伏;探索 [ME, app var of BOROUGH( bushed a.被草丛笼罩的;疲倦的
buskin n.悲剧演员的短统靴;悲剧 [prob. buss n.v.接吻 [earlier bass (n. & v.): c bust n.半身像 [orig a(dial)pronunc of BURST<炸弹等>爆炸;<水泡、栗子等>爆裂]
bustle v.到处乱跑;喧躁;催促
buttress n.拱壁;支持物
[ME BUTT连接两端;接界;残余部分;靶;嘲笑对象;以 头撞,以角抵,顶
buxom a.活泼的 [earlier sense pliant: ME buzz v.n.嗡嗡声;蜂鸣
bye a.n.附属的;偶然的;秘密的 [BY as noun]
bypass v.省略
byre n.牛房 [OE byre: perh rel to BOWER]
byte n.(电脑)字节(八bit组成) [20th c.: perh. based on BIT and BITE]
Unit 7
cab n.v.计乘车;驾驶室;自修书 [abbr. of CABRIOLET]
cabal n.派系;阴谋 [F cabale cache n.隐藏所 [F cachet n.封印 [F cackle v.呵呵笑 [ME prob cacodemon n.恶灵;恶鬼;恶人 [Gk kakodaimon cacography n.拼错字;抄错;拙劣的书法 [Gk kakos bad, after orthography]
cacology n.措辞不当;发音不正 [LL cacologia cacophony n.不调和的声音 [kakos bad+phone sound]
cad n.下流的男人;粗鄙的人 [abbr of CADDIE球童 in sense 'odd-job man']
cadaver n.人之尸体 [ME cadence n.韵律;调子 [ME cadet n.陆海空军校学生;实习生 [F cadge v.行乞勒索(金钱等);行商 [bind, carry]
cajole v.以甜言蜜语诱惑欺骗 [F cajoler]
calamity n.灾难;吹毛求疵的人 [calamitous 造成灾祸的 calamity howler 杞人忧天者;悲观论者 Calamity
Jane 患难珍妮 (原名Martha] [Jane Canary(Burke)1852-1902,美国拓荒女英雄)]
caliber n.才干;才能;口径;器量 [同CALIBRE]
calligraphy n.书法 [call=kallos beauty+graphy]
calliope n.蒸汽琴;汽笛风琴 [Gk Kalliope muse of epic poetry(lit
'beautiful-voiced')]
callous a.无情的;结硬块的
[ME 皮肤硬化,老茧,胼胝;无 感觉;无情
callow a.未成长的 [OE calu]
calorific a.生热的 [L calorificus calumny n.诽谤;谗言 [calumniate诽谤;中伤]
cameo n.有浮雕的宝石 [ME camouflage n.v.伪装;掩饰;隐瞒;欺瞒 [f camoufler disguise deceive]
canard n.虚报;谣言 [F, = duck]
candor n.坦白;率真
canker n.弊病 [cank螃蟹]
canny a.精明的;节俭的 [CAN(in sense 'know')+-Y]
canon n.宗教法规;教士;经典 [OE ME cant n.黑话;伪善之言 [ME cant(h)us iron tire]
cantata n.清唱剧 [cant=cantare sing]
canter n.慢步小跑 [short for Canterbury(坎特布里,英国大教堂)pace, from the supposed
easy pace of medieval pilgrims to] [Canterbury]
canto n.长诗中的章 [It, = song, canvass v.细究;讨论;检票 [orig = toss投掷,摇荡 in a sheet, agitate 摇动 CANVAS 帆布,油画]
capacious a.容量大的 [L capax -acis caparison n.装饰用马衣;给马穿衣 [ CAPE羔羊皮(产于好望角)拉丁文"头"岬,海角;好望角(Cape of Good] [Hope)]
caper v.n.雀跃;嬉戏;把戏 [ME capres & F c res pl: cf CHERRY, PEA 豌豆]
capillary a.毛细管的 [ capitulate v.有条件地投降 [ caprice n.反复无常;任性 [F caption n.标题 [ captious a.好吹毛求疵的;诡辩的 [capt take+ious->take(other's fault)(CAPTION)]
carat n.克拉;开 [ horn角)Karate空手道 caret加字符号]
cardinal a.首要的;基本的
[ME virtues on which conduct 'hinges( 关键,枢纽,要点)'
cardiology n.心脏学 [cardio+logy]
careen v.使船倾倒;使侧倾 [ caress v.抚爱 [ caricature n.讽刺画;讽刺 [ carmine n.洋红色 [ 鲜红色,朱红色(vermilion)]
carnage n.大屠杀;残杀 [ carnal a.肉体的 [ carnivorous a.食肉的 [ carouse n.v.酒宴;痛饮;狂欢 [orig as adv = right out, in phr drink carouse